Literature, Business and Social Change - 1578 Words

Literature, Business and Social Change Kareem Jones Reginald T. Bowman Ken Mathias Jerome Mond Business Literature ENG/120 Dr. Andrew Mathis Business literature of the past is similar to modern day business literature; however, in some ways both have differences. Both forms of literary works give insight to the reader regarding one’s life’s struggles and achievements. These forms of literary works allow the reader to relate his or her own experiences to the problems and emotions related to the workplace. Literature communicates past and present changes which occur in businesses. These literary works represents the voice of the people. Past and present business literature assists businesses and its†¦show more content†¦Harold also gives a great example of societal change within the essay itself. In the essay he details how he was first turned away from trying to pursue a career as a lawyer. Later he is welcomed to join a firm when laws and mandates are passed by the Department of Labor to secured equal opportunity employment for the handicapped. The business community is then more than welcome to the idea of disabled employee. This illustrates perfectly how the business culture must adapt to keep up with our ever changing civilization. The constant change that corporations have to deal with is the reason corporations why diversity trainings and situational management are becoming more prevalent in today’s business community. Diversity has been a focus of literature for quite some time, and I believe that was a strong foundation for many of the authors that have in contact racism during a time when it was more then evident. When you read some of the poems from authors like Langston Hughes and Maya Angelou, you feel the emotion behind the words that the use to describe how we as a people have been treating for so long. Diversity comes in many different ways other than just race. When you look at the workforce in this day and time you see how many companies are sure that they focus creating a diverse work environment. Hearing Langston Hughes discusses how things were many years ago make me wonder why it was soShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Entrepreneurship During The 21st Century Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesbusinessman. Social entrepreneurs are individuals with innovative solutions to the most pressing social problems of the solutions of the company. They are ambitious and persistent, tackling majo r social issues and offering new ideas for big changes. Instead the social needs of the government or business sectors, finding the social partners, who are not working and solve the problem by moving the contractor s system, spreading the solution and see all companies in different directions . Social entrepreneursRead MoreEmployee s Lack Of Job Satisfaction Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pagesemployee turnover, which impacts profitability (Lieb Lieb, 2013). Costs in replacing employees equate to $30,000 annually, which is 16% of an employee’s salary (Kaur Vijay, 2016). The general business problem is that some hiring managers lack strategies to reduce high turnover costs. The specific business problem is that some hiring managers have limited strategies to reduce employee turnover retention cost. Purpose Statement The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study is to explore theRead MoreImportance Of Business Ethics On Previous And Current Literature Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of business ethics in previous and current literature Previous Methodologies used for Studying Business Ethics Majority of the literature reviewed relied heavily on questionnaires and surveys as the chosen methodology. According to Rowley (2014), questionnaires are the â€Å"most widely used means of collecting data† (p. 308). However, when designing a questionnaire or survey researchers should consider the type of questions being used, sensitivity of questions asked, content and lengthRead MoreEssay about Social Medias Affect on Mixed Martial Arts1686 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In this research proposal, we aim to discuss the role social media has on the growth of Mixed Martial Arts. This study was chosen because there is no getting around the fact that social media has changed the way we communicate and interact. The biggest change is the sheer number of people using social media websites and the interaction with each other. The genre of MMA was chosen because it is a relatively new sport, but despite that, it has been gaining grave amounts of publicityRead MoreConcept Paper1098 Words   |  5 PagesI.   Ã‚  Literature Review Economic Growth This related topic will give us an overview of the factors that affect economic growth, primarily concerned on a country’s gross domestic product. We will be able to know how to gather data and compute as to what is the current economic changes in the country. This will further help us in understanding where all the digits and rates as per economic indicators came from. http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/151940/ Concept paper 2: What business industryRead MoreThe Chicago School Of Professional Psychology Essay1342 Words   |  6 PagesProfessional Psychology Introduction to the Study For several decades, literature has suggested that multinational corporations (MCNs), transnational corporations (TNCs), and or international business companies (IBCs), are among the most powerful and wealthiest organizations in the history of the world (Tirimba Macharia, 2014; Bouquet Birkinshaw, 2008; Fuchs, 2007; Cohen, 2007; Stopford, 1998; Meleka, 1985; Hawkins, 1979). These business organizations conduct operations in many countries around the worldRead MoreThe Current State Of Art1733 Words   |  7 Pagesnearest future, billions of devices can be connected multifariously and will hopefully extend beyond the margins of physical components. This research will present the current state of art in research on the internet of things by reviewing related literature, ascertaining and describing current trends, current challenges, and future trends in IoT. The paper also provides possible future research directions. Keywords: Internet of Things, IoT, Future trends, Future research Internet of things: A researchRead MoreThe Key Argument Of The Driving And Restraining Forces893 Words   |  4 Pagespushing for and resisting change. The aim of this literature review is to describe the key argument of the driving and restraining forces that respectively promote or impede the success of company’s transaction; the review primarily uses an integrative analysis of studies and reviews from the Hayes J (2014). The studies reviewed revealed that driving forces for change, there was separated into internal and external forces. The internal forces come from the inner company, business or organisation whilstRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management1171 Words   |  5 Pages 4) It is apparent that the only thing constant in business is change. Organizational change is often an overwhelming challenge for business leaders, managers and employees alike. The need for change may be the result of market shifts, economic environment, technology advancements or changing work force skill-set demands. Today Organizational change occurs for reasons that originate external to the organization (Chandler, 1996: Hannan Freeman, 1984), as well as internal to the organizationRead MoreRunning Head: Brief Literature Review Draft . Brief Literature1636 Words   |  7 Pageshead: Brief Literature Review Draft Brief Literature Review Draft Introduction This is a draft paper of the literature review from week one to today. This is ensuring the literature reviews, research sources, and including personal throughs and opinions reflect a comprehensive literature research. It’s also includes the major themes identified in week three mapping. The draft paper helps identifying and considering the theoretical or conceptual frameworks present throughout the literatures. In addition

How Congestion Growth Affects Income Growth - 1634 Words

Our primary interest is to identify how congestion growth affects income growth in a metropolitan region. In Table 2 and 3, the results of the simultaneous equation models show that the coefficient estimates for congestion growth are negative and significant at the 10% level. That is, congestion growth has a negative effect on income growth in both 2000s and 1990s. Specifically, every one-percentage increase in congestion growth leads to a 0.07% and a 0.19% decrease in income growth during 2000s and 1990s, respectively. As expected, the results show that congestion growth has a negative effect on income growth. In addition, the initial condition of traffic congestion is negatively associated with income growth in 1990s, meaning that higher levels of initial traffic congestion negatively affects household income. However, it is not statistically significant in 2000s. The coefficient estimate for the employment growth is statistically positive at the 1% level in 1990s. Specifically, all else being equal, every one-percentage increase in employment growth leads to a 0.60% increase in income growth during the period. This result supports notion that employment growth raises wages and thus produce positive wage growth (Lewis, et al., 2002). This is because positive employment growth provides more available jobs, which attracts job-seekers. Increased population affects employment by increasing demand and services and providing a larger workforce as well. Such shifts in regions’Show MoreRelatedEmpirical Results For Employment, Income, And Congestion Growth Model1857 Words   |  8 Pagesexplain 46%, 63%, and 59% of variations in growth of employment, income, and congestion, respectively. The coefficients for the endogenous variables (Employment growth, income growth, and congestion growth) are statistically significant, indicating the interdepe ndence of employment growth, income growth, and congestion growth. Table 2. Estimation Results for the Employment, Income, and Congestion Growth Model INC Growth EMP Growth CON Growth Employment Growth 0.18258 *** 0.96320 *** (0.06479 ) Read MorePopulation Increase and Sustainability Issues Essay907 Words   |  4 Pagesgo hand in hand with increases in population, â€Å"urban sprawl†. Phoenix continues to see an increase in population growth and thus a sustainability issue that has arisen from such growth is traffic congestion. Having too many cars on the road, cars traveling at lower speeds, and having longer trip times then in previous years causes traffic congestion (Frias, 2007). Traffic congestion in Phoenix is observed from a local spatial scale as Phoenix is composed of many suburbs. It is important to lookRead MoreDevelopment And Development Of The Field Of Community Economic Development1633 Words   |  7 PagesTorres, Maria CED 301 Midterm Development and growth go hand-in-hand in the field of Community Economic Development. Community economic development is a field of study that actively elicits community involvement when working with government, and private sectors to build strong communities, industries, and markets (Riley, 2012). Economic Development applies to the context of people’s sense of right and wrong. The definition given by Michael Todaro suggests it is an increase in living standardsRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Sustainability And Sustainability1295 Words   |  6 PagesSustainability is one of the most discussed subjects at the present time. With global warming, increase in the population, clean water deficiency and shortage of food, people more and more thinking about how to make their life more sustainable. But what is sustainability? According to United Nations, â€Å"sustainability means meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own need.† To satisfy our needs we use natural resources as well as social and economicRead MoreUrban Sprawl And Smart Growth2197 Words   |  9 Pages Urban Form, Urban Sprawl, and Smart Growth Introduction: Since the Industrialization, cities attracted large amounts of labor force from rural to urban to engage in industries, which changed the structure of cities by increasing huge population. In addition, changing the structure of cities produces lots of problems, such as traffic congestion causes more serious air pollution, and insufficient housing problem; therefore, central cities began to extend the boundaries to desire better living environmentRead MoreA Study On Integrated Transportation System3301 Words   |  14 Pages1.1 Bandung as the Study Area 3 2 Theories and Development Challenges 3 2.1 Urban Growth and the New Towns in Bandung 3 2.2 Current and Forecasted Congestion Problems 4 2.3 Slum Issue 5 3 Implemented Policies and Recommendations 6 3.1 Approaches to Extreme Population Growth 6 3.1.1 Regional Decentralization Policy 6 3.1.2 Recommendation: Compact City and Improved Government Leadership 6 3.2 Approaches to Congestion 6 3.2.1 Construction of New Toll Road 6 3.2.2 Recommendation: Integrated TransportationRead More economic Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pages Globalisation - Economic Growth and Development and development indicators. â€Å"Outline the differences between economic growth and economic development. Discuss how economic development may be measured. Outline how globalisation may impact upon a nation’s development. Where appropriate make reference to a relevant case study.† Although economic growth and development are similar in meaning, they have some essential differences. Economic growth refers to the increasing ability of a nation toRead MoreImpacts of Foreign Worker in Singapore1987 Words   |  8 Pages4 3.1 Low Birth Rate 4 3.2 Ageing Population 4 3.3 High Skilled and Low Skilled jobs 4 4. Impacts of Foreign Workers to Singapore 5 4.1 Positive Impacts 5 4.1.1 Achieve Economic Growth 5 4.1.2 Diversify Human Capital 6 4.1.3 Increase Income and GST Tax Revenue 6 4.2 Negative Impacts 7 4.2.1 Congestion in Public Transport System 7 4.2.2 Tighter Housing Market 7 4.2.3 Conflicts with Labour Laws 8 5. Solutions to Reduce Negative Impacts of Foreign Workers in Singapore 8 5.1 ControlRead MoreGlobal Environmental Issues Of The World1540 Words   |  7 Pages There are more than 7 billion people on Earth now, and roughly one in eight of us does not have enough to eat. The question of how many people the Earth can support is a long-standing one that becomes more intense as the world s population—and our use of natural resources—keeps booming(1). It should be noted that there are 7 continents (Asia, Africa, South America, North America, Europe, Australia and Antarctica) and 196 countries without including sub-nations and islands in the world. This isRead MorePopulation Growth Of Sweden : Sweden1536 Words   |  7 PagesPOPULATION GROWTH OF SWEDEN Forty years ago, Sweden was very different country to what it is today; the freedom to chose a school for your child was only open to a few privileged families, the age of majority reduced from 20 to 18, the introduction of the parental benefit scheme and Europe was divided between the West and communist East, or otherwise known as the Cold War. The memory of those times seem like a distant memory because Sweden has experienced major changes, particularly with respect

Have supermarkets become too big to the extent Free Essays

Have supermarkets become too big to the extent that they are damaging competition? BY ela1210 The growth of supermarkets does however have some benefits for competition. Firstly, due to the uniformity of products, prices are easily comparable across stores for consumers. This means they can compare pricing strategies of dfferent supermarkets and see which has the most competitive pricing, therefore get the best deal available to them, increasing competition and allowing consumers to make a more Informed choice when buying. We will write a custom essay sample on Have supermarkets become too big to the extent or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prices of commodities do not fluctuate a lot ecause of this, as competitors must malntaln constant prices, therefore consumers do not have to worry about the price of necessary Items changing suddenly. Global commodity prices are therefore determined by the market, rather than by the retailers such as the large supermarkets. For example the number of dairy farms In Brltaln fell by more than 40% between 1995 and 2005, but It Is clear that supermarkets are not to blame for this as the price of milk Is set mainly by demand and as a result of this, the remaining farms incomes and herd sizes have increased as well as their profitability improving greatly. Supermarkets today use online selling methods to reach a wider market, also increasing competition which is possible due to their size as well. Selling via the internet improves the quality of service a consumer receives from a company, especially as they are competing for business with rival supermarkets. Online selling also makes shopping easier for consumers, benefiting competition. This competition means supermarkets are constantly motivated to stay innovative and provide a good service, as to ensure they do not lose customers to rival companies. The large supermarkets are consequently able to offer ore efficient services to consumers in response to needs they have identified while trying to be competitive. For example offering prepared vegetables, this saves busy consumers time and in turn makes them become more appealing. Alongside this, as supermarkets operate on such a large scale, they are advantaged by many economies of scale such as bulk buying stock, mass marketing campaigns and transport methods, lowering their costs. The big supermarkets can then pass these savings on to consumers through reducing the price of products and increasing competition within the market. This would benefit competition through avoiding artificially high prices for products which are widely sold. Through implementing and demanding more economies of scale, producers and suppliers will have to become more competitive, and as a result will Improve the quality of their produce. Therefore It cannot be said that supermarkets are soley damaging for competition as there as some advantages of their size for consumers as well as producers, which Is Increasing competition. 2) Have supermarkets become too big to the extent that they are damaging competition? It Is argued that supermarkets have become too big to the extent that hey are damaging competition as there are only a handful of them dominating the food market: Tesco, Asda, Sainsburys and Morrison’s to name a few. Because of their ultimately is their competition. By eliminating their rivals i. e. ompetition they are or going towards becoming an oligopoly market. Being an oligopoly means having a significant market share in the industry, high barriers to entry, huge sunk and set-up costs which all lead to less competition. This ultimately lowers the number of firms in the industry, as named above, which means less choice for consumers. This can be argued simply by a price comparison between local food stores and the big supermarkets. Prices have become very transparent between the so called competitors from the big supermarkets as their price differs only by a fraction. The question needed to be asked is how much lower can they reduce their prices and still make a handsome profit, yet we see no significant price decreases from any of them, apart from their well known offers of â€Å"buy 1 get 1 FREE† or the nation’s favourite â€Å"Half Price† on selected items, which are all part of their marketing strategy to get ustomers into their supermarkets and psychologically persuading them in purchasing something they had no intention of purchasing before getting there. How to cite Have supermarkets become too big to the extent, Papers

Dopest legality free essay sample

3. Analyze the policies of three European colonial powers regarding Africa between 1871 and 1914. Between 1871 and 1914, Britain had planned to create a huge British empire, Belgium felt that it needed to use brutal force, and France had 4. How and in what ways did the writings of Karl Marx draw on the Enlightenment concepts of progress, natural law and reason? 5. Describe the steps taken between 1832 and 1918 to extend suffrage in England. What groups and movements contributed to the extension of the vote? 6. Discuss the ways in which European Jews were affected by and responded to liberalism, nationalism and anti-Semitism in the 19th century. 7. Analyze the differences between the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1450–1750 and the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1850–1914. We will write a custom essay sample on Dopest legality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 8. Analyze the differences between the impact of Newtonian physics on European culture and the impact of Darwinian biology on European culture. 9. Analyze how industrialization and imperialism contributed to the development of consumer culture in the period 1850–1914. 10. Analyze the impact of science and technology on European society in the period from 1800 to 1900. 11. Analyze artistic and literary responses to industrialization over the course of the nineteenth century. 3. Analyze the policies of three European colonial powers regarding Africa between 1871 and 1914. Between 1871 and 1914, Britain had planned to create a huge British empire, Belgium felt that it needed to use brutal force, and France had 4. How and in what ways did the writings of Karl Marx draw on the Enlightenment concepts of progress, natural law and reason? 5. Describe the steps taken between 1832 and 1918 to extend suffrage in England. What groups and movements contributed to the extension of the vote? 6. Discuss the ways in which European Jews were affected by and responded to liberalism, nationalism and anti-Semitism in the 19th century. 7. Analyze the differences between the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1450–1750 and the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1850–1914. 8. Analyze the differences between the impact of Newtonian physics on European culture and the impact of Darwinian biology on European culture. 9. Analyze how industrialization and imperialism contributed to the development of consumer culture in the period 1850–1914. 10. Analyze the impact of science and technology on European society in the period from 1800 to 1900. 11. Analyze artistic and literary responses to industrialization over the course of the nineteenth century. 3. Analyze the policies of three European colonial powers regarding Africa between 1871 and 1914. Between 1871 and 1914, Britain had planned to create a huge British empire, Belgium felt that it needed to use brutal force, and France had 4. How and in what ways did the writings of Karl Marx draw on the Enlightenment concepts of progress, natural law and reason? 5. Describe the steps taken between 1832 and 1918 to extend suffrage in England. What groups and movements contributed to the extension of the vote? 6. Discuss the ways in which European Jews were affected by and responded to liberalism, nationalism and anti-Semitism in the 19th century. 7. Analyze the differences between the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1450–1750 and the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1850–1914. 8. Analyze the differences between the impact of Newtonian physics on European culture and the impact of Darwinian biology on European culture. 9. Analyze how industrialization and imperialism contributed to the development of consumer culture in the period 1850–1914. 10. Analyze the impact of science and technology on European society in the period from 1800 to 1900. 11. Analyze artistic and literary responses to industrialization over the course of the nineteenth century. 3. Analyze the policies of three European colonial powers regarding Africa between 1871 and 1914. Between 1871 and 1914, Britain had planned to create a huge British empire, Belgium felt that it needed to use brutal force, and France had 4. How and in what ways did the writings of Karl Marx draw on the Enlightenment concepts of progress, natural law and reason? 5. Describe the steps taken between 1832 and 1918 to extend suffrage in England. What groups and movements contributed to the extension of the vote? 6. Discuss the ways in which European Jews were affected by and responded to liberalism, nationalism and anti-Semitism in the 19th century. 7. Analyze the differences between the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1450–1750 and the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1850–1914. 8. Analyze the differences between the impact of Newtonian physics on European culture and the impact of Darwinian biology on European culture. 9. Analyze how industrialization and imperialism contributed to the development of consumer culture in the period 1850–1914. 10. Analyze the impact of science and technology on European society in the period from 1800 to 1900. 11. Analyze artistic and literary responses to industrialization over the course of the nineteenth century.

Is a filament lamp an ohmic resistor Essay Example

Is a filament lamp an ohmic resistor? Paper In order to understand what Ohms Law is all about you need to understand electricity and what makes Voltage, Current and Resistance in a circuit. What is Current? Current is the movement of electrons in a circuit but What are electrons and what makes them move All matter is made up of Atoms. Piece of metal made up of Atoms Each atom is made up of a nucleus that has a certain number of protons and neutrons with an equal numbers of electrons in orbit. The copper atom has 29 protons in its nucleus with 29 electrons orbiting the nucleus. The electrons are arranged in orbits called shells. Notice that in the copper atom, the outside shell has only one electron. The outer shell of any atom is called the valence shell. When the valence electron in any atom gains sufficient energy from some outside force, it can break away from the parent atom and become what is called a free electron. It is very easy to provide enough energy to cause the valence electron to become free. Some sources of energy are heat, light, magnetic fields and a voltage source. When the valence electron becomes free it leaves behind an atom that has a positive charge. Remember that the copper atom has 29 + protons and 29 electrons so if one electron leaves orbit we are left with +29 protons and 28 electrons. That means the atom has a more positive charge because of the one less electron. This is an unbalanced atom and is not natural. The atom will always try to get an electron back into the valence orbit to become normal or balanced again. This is the one fact that you should remember and try to visualize when working with electrical circuits. Electric current is the movement of electrons from one atom to another in a conductor. We will write a custom essay sample on Is a filament lamp an ohmic resistor? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Is a filament lamp an ohmic resistor? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Is a filament lamp an ohmic resistor? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If you can visualize a piece of copper wire with billions of atoms and each one of them losing an electron and all the electrons jumping to other atoms, you will begin to see what current is. Current is the movement of electrons in a conductor. The more electrons that move in a conductor the more current you have in the circuit. The name we give to current so we can talk about it is AMPERE and the symbol is I. Resistance Resistance is the opposition of electron flow in a circuit and is based on the physical size of the conductors. Since current is the movement of free electrons in a circuit then the number of atoms in a wire make a big difference as to how many electrons can flow at any given time. The bigger the diameter a wire is, the more atoms there are in the wire, so the more free electrons. The smaller the diameter of wire the fewer the number of atoms so the fewer the number of free electrons. In other words, large size wires will have more atoms therefore more current and small size wires will have fewer atoms and therefore less current. If we want to control the amount of current flowing in a circuit we can use smaller wire to allow less current and larger wire to allow more current. The name we give to this opposition is called RESISTANCE and the symbol is R. The amount of resistance is called OHMS. Resistors are components that are manufactured to have a specific amount of resistance and are marked with various values of OHMS. The markings are in the form of coloured bands around the resistor body. To read the value of a resistor you must know the colour code used for the number system. Voltage Voltage is the potential difference in a circuit and it is caused by the unbalanced state of atoms. If you recall, when an electron leaves the orbit of an atom it leaves a hole or a positive charge. This hole or positive charge will attract any electron that comes close to it so that it can go back to a normal state. In order to have current flow you must have a source of atoms with missing electrons and you must have a source of negative electrons. If these sources of charges have a current path to flow through then the electrons will be attracted to the positive atoms to fill the holes. You need a complete circuit made of conductive material in order to have current flow and the current will flow from the negative source to the positive source. Here is picture of how you can think of a voltage source like a battery. Notice that the top half of the battery has all positive charges and the bottom half has negative charges. The following picture shows a complete circuit that the electrons can follow to produce current. Method 1 The first crocodile clip is clipped to the wire at the 0cm position on the metre rule. 2. The second crocodile clip is clipped to the required position depending on the required length of wire. 3. The power supply is turned on. The voltage and current are then read off the ammeter and voltmeter, and recorded. 4. The power supply is then turned off and the second crocodile clip is moved to the next position. The above steps are completed for each length and then the entire investigation is repeated for accuracy. I will also use digital ammeters and voltmeters for accuracy. OBSERVATION With reading my research I have came to a prediction that The longer the wire, the higher the resistance this is because the longer the wire, the more times the free electrons will collide with other free electrons This is because, the particles making up the metal, and any impurities in the metal. So, more energy is going to be lost in these collisions as heat.

The Dark Ages Essays

The Dark Ages Essays The Dark Ages Essay The Dark Ages Essay Introduction During the reign of the Roman Empire, Europe had advanced in terms of technology and literal work as well as education. During this time, civilization had boomed with many cities being built that facilitated structured formal civilization. During this time agriculture, economy and trade had boomed. It is also a time when literal work was at its peak during those ages. However, towards the fifth century, the roman army was loosing grip of the empire due to economic, political, social and military hardships. The army was becoming increasingly unable to defend the territory during the barbarian invasions and lost. Upon loosing, what was left of the Roman Empire was destruction and stagnation in economy as well as hardship since the civilization had been lost. After the fall, many regions of the territory including Europe were left in social, economic and literal crisis. Several centuries after the fall of the empire literal work was limited and development went down. This has come to be known as the Dark Ages of Europe where there is little known to historians about what was happening at the time. It took a few centuries and great efforts from different parts of Europe including Irish people in coming out of the dark ages through their efforts in preserving of the literal work done before the fall of the Roman Empire. Meaning of Dark Ages The Dark Age represents the first centuries after the fall of Roman Empire and before the middle ages that left Europe quite susceptible to violent warlords, natural calamities such as famine, disease and economic downturn. The term was used as a metaphor to show the contrast between the prior ages and after the dark ages when there was development in both economics and literal work that resulted from education at the time (Mommsen, 1942). The dark ages denotes a time when literal work was limited and hardly any literal production was realized at the time. It characterizes a period during which historical records and other written materials were scarce. Further, it was a period when very few people knew how to write and read. The darkness described was an intellectual one where very little intellectual work took place compared to the period before and after (Mommsen, 1942). Why the Dark Ages were Dark What made the dark ages dark was the effect of lack of intellectual capacity and the waves of war and invasions that followed as well as the theological teachings that advocated that only what was in the bible was true. During the Roman Empire, much of the territories within Europe were unified and well protected by the roman army. This had contributed to an economic, political as well as social development across the whole of Europe. After the fall, maintaining the unification was hard without the protection of the Roman Empire leaving the territories open for grabbing by the warlords that were seeking power. Waves of war accompanied by cultural, economic, political and literal work declined almost to a standstill (Snodgrass, 2000). During the invasions, the barbarians left nothing standing including buildings, arts and even schools. Thus, knowledge was only left to a few people within the monasteries. Without knowledge and literal work for reference, Europe was left in a mess where productivity in all aspects went down. The main reason it was named Dark Age was lack of learning and production of arts or literal work. People were in no position to learn and produce such works due to the hard times of the Dark Age especially warfare from the warlords that roamed through out Europe. This lasted for several centuries before the middle ages when the Europeans started the work of thinking and advancing again. However, this was influenced by the eastern territories that had not been conquered by the barbarians such as China and India where great civilizations thrived during the 1000s.During the invasions by warlords, food would be stolen, people killed, and cities destroyed. This would live the people homeless and wit hout food. What made it quite dark was the lack of intellectual material and lack of scholars to advance the available knowledge. Lack of knowledge made it impossible to advance economically and the people within this age lived a devastating life. It is a time when a third of Europe’s population was lost to plagues that ravaged the territory. At this time, the only formal education was found in church, which acted as the unifying power. The Christian teachings taught that whatever was not in the bible was not true and people should not have to do what is outside of the biblical teachings. Thus, if biblical teachings did not support scientific discoveries, people were not supposed to study science. Thus, the people living in this age only clung to the hope that a better life awaits them in heaven. The hardships during this time made the dark ages dark. Coming out of the dark ages The dark ages had left Europe in crisis and people had lost al hope. Although civilization had stopped in Europe, other territories continued with scientific discoveries. Some of the territories that continued with civilization were Israel, India, China and other territories in the east. During the Dark Age when the Catholic Church was considered the ruler of Europe, the pope ordered crusades. The crusades were religious wars that aimed at restoring access of Christians to Jerusalem. During the Dark Age after some of the invasions, Christians were stopped from accessing Jerusalem. This did not go down well with the Catholic Church tat considered Jerusalem a sacred city that represented the three Abrahamic religions, Christianity, Judaism and Islamic. Thus, the crusades were started in an effort to regain access (Snodgrass, 2000). During the crusades, the warriors who went there interacted with the people they met in the eastern territories and realized there was better civilization than back at Europe. Soon, the crusaders would return home with new technology and skills. As the crusades went on, more was realized and the Europeans interacted with newer architecture, arts and other literal works. It is here that Europe prepared inadvertently to come out of the Dark Age by interacting with other civilizations in the east such as Israel (Snodgrass, 2000). Impact of Ireland in Emerging From Dark Ages During the dark ages, the literal work was lost to many parts of Europe. However, there was a time when efforts to revive the literature was done in the Carolingian period. The Carolingian period represents the period in which efforts were made to revive intellectual and cultural literature and classical texts (Herren, 1981). The Irish during this period had developed a taste for the Latin classical work. There was classical Latin learning in Ireland during the dark ages in the seventh and eighth centuries. The Irish served to protect most of the classical literature through incorporating the principles and ideas in the publications between the ninth and subsequent centuries. During this time, some English scholars went to study in Ireland. â€Å"What, pray, I beseech you eagerly, is the benefit to the sanctity of the orthodox faith to expend energy by reading and studying the foul pollution of base Proserpina, which I shrink from mentioning in plain speech †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Herren, 1981). Further continuation implies that Aldhelm’s disciple went to Ireland to study since he was preparing to go to Ireland. In coming out of the dark ages, Ireland had a significant impact through preserving of the classical literature. The Chivalric Code During the dark ages, many warriors emerged paying loyalty to a leader who would be from their tribe. Their quest was adventure and conquering. Many of the warlords sought their services in the invasions. They were highly trained with their training going for many years. Working for the small warlords the knights were brutal and went around taking anything they want when the Dark Age progressed (Moelker and Kummel 2007). However, powerful people began to reunite the European knights, where a code of conduct was set out to prevent them from engaging in brutal activity. The code set out came to be known as the chivalric code describing how a knight was supposed to treat others within the society especially the weak such as women. It required knights to be gentle and courteous towards women and during their conquest. In modern times, this can be considered a code of ethics that seeks to regulate how the powerful within the society should treat the weak (Moelker and Kummel 2007). However, in military field it would mean stopping women from becoming soldiers since it considers women as weak. Conclusion Warfare and invasions by warlords in Europe was heightened after the roman empire fell. The Roman Empire had established formal structures and governments, laws and formal education that played a crucial role in the economic and social development. When it fell, all this was lost including the literature at the time. The great civilizations were lost in the destruction by ranging wars. It took an effort of several territories and the church as well to get Europe out of the Dark Age. Annotations Herren M. (1981). Classical and Secular Learning among the Irish before the Carolingian Renaissance. Florilegium, 3: 118-157. The article seeks to present evidence about learning in Ireland during the dark ages that many scholars have not accounted for. The Carolingian period represents the period in which efforts were made to revive intellectual and cultural literature and classical texts. The Irish during this period had developed a taste for the Latin classical work. There was classical Latin learning in Ireland during the dark ages in the seventh and eighth centuries. The Irish served to protect most of the classical literature through incorporating the principles and ideas in the publications between the ninth and subsequent centuries. The article further cites that some Englishmen studied at the generosity of the Irish in their land at their expense as well. Thus, Ireland played a crucial role in coming out of the Dark Age through studying and reserving the classical literature. The article illustrated proof that the Irish people exploited the opportunity to study Latin classical literature during the Dark Ages. It portrayed the role that Irish played in coming out of the Dark Ages as that of academic scholars interested in continuing to study classical literature, preserving it and educating the English students simultaneously. Herren discussed various instances of individual accounts of people during the Dark Ages such as Aldhelm. â€Å"What, pray, I beseech you eagerly, is the benefit to the sanctity of the orthodox faith to expend energy by reading and studying the foul pollution of base Proserpina, which I shrink from mentioning in plain speech †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Herren, 1981). Further continuation implies that Aldhelm’s disciple went to Ireland to study since he was preparing to go to Ireland. The article provides a good account of the impact Ireland had on the world in emerging from the Dark Age. Moelker, R. Kummel, G. (2007). Chivalry and Codes of Conduct: Can the Virtue of Chivalry Epitomize Guidelines for Interpersonal Conduct? Journal of Military Ethics, 6 (4): 292-302. This article was published in the journal of military ethics asking a question about the relation or relevance of chivalry codes of conduct and their relation to interpersonal conduct. The article cites that there exists doubt about chivalry being a virtue or just a code of conduct for the military, considering it is not a theological or cardinal virtue. However, some philosophy, tradition and history have been found to regard chivalry as a virtue, describing the agreed conduct of a knight in the middle ages. It contains codes of courteous behaviors that are formal or informal, making interpersonal behavior civilized. It seeks to regulate the behavior between the two genders within the social interaction. The article seeks to find out whether the chivalric code of conduct provides a guideline for leading a virtuous life. the chivalric code represented the expected behavior or conduct of a knight in his quest for adventure, conquering, serving in the army and relating to others within the society such as women with care and love. The article refers back to the historical contexts meaning of chivalry, which meant a definition between roles of men to women. â€Å"Despite this, archaic, symbolic, or anachronistic forms of chivalry may have survived, in which the male was perceived as strong, and protector while the female was perceived as weak, passive, in need of protection, and courteously treated† (Moelker and Kummel 2007). As the chivalric code described how the knights should treat women or those, considered weak in the society, so does the modern world need to treat others with courtesy. The contemporary world should be able to adopt some of the features of the chivalric code that prescribed how men should treat women and weaker people in the society. The article implied that considering chivalric behavior as a virtue would exclude women from serving in the military, as they were considered weak and in need of protection. I agree with the authors that chivalry is a benevolent sexism that excludes wo men. However, it applies in other contexts within the modern society such as protecting the weaker people including women from violence. This article is quite useful in defining the chivalric code and answering the question of its relevance to modern ethics. Mommsen T.E. (1942). Petrarch’s Conception of the ‘Dark Ages. Speculum, 17 (2): 226 – 242. The article presents a conception of the Dark Ages as portrayed by Petrarch, an Italian poet and scholar, as well as one of the earliest humanists in the 14th century. The article cites that the Dark Ages, in its most popular meaning, is used to denote the period in which there was an intellectual depression in the European history that corresponds with the Middle Ages. The Dark Ages and Middle ages have been used to describe the same period but from different perspectives. However, the two names have come to be distinguished as representing two different ages. â€Å"But they have come to be distinguished, and the dark ages are now no more than the first part of the middle age while the mediaeval is often restricted to the later centuries, about 1100 to 1500,† (Mommsen, 1942). The Dark Age now represents the age between the fall of the Roman Empire and revival of the literature. The article clarifies the meaning of the dark ages in details, stating what period can be considered as the Dark Age since it is supposed to represent an era when intellectual work or literature was limited. It clears the controversy contained in considering the Dark Age as the same period as the Middle Ages. Its credibility is entailed in the use of Petrarch’s conception of the Dark Age, and middle age considering he wrote during the middle ages. The fact that the article borrows from Petrarch’s idea who wrote during the middle ages implies that the Dark Age, which represents an age of intellectual depression, could not be the same as the Middle ages since he produced literal work. This makes the definition of the Dark Ages as being an era of intellectual depression agreeable. Snodgrass, A.M. (2000). The Dark Age of Greece: An Archaeological Survey of the Eleventh to the Eighth Centuries BC. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, The book is written after new archeological evidence has been found supporting the idea of a dark age. Snodgrass presents the evidence that provides an insight into what the Dark Age represented by showing some of the reasons it was considered so. He starts by defining the Dark Age in the first chapter, The Concept of a Dark Age. â€Å"There if a far-off island of knowledge, or perhaps knowledge; then darkness; then the beginning of continuous history,† (Snodgrass, 2000). By this, he defines the meaning of Dark Age, which is a period in which history was not well recorded due to lack of literal materials. It is between two eras, the first one being an age where information or knowledge is available to an age when information is not available followed by a continuous history well recorded. He further provides evidence of why it was considered dark. At the time, there was scholarly scarcity, and people who lived in this age were poor, isolated and aware of the lost skills. The b ook shows a period of discontinuity in development, intellectual knowledge and other issues present before and after the Dark Age. Information regarding this age was scarce, consequently limiting our knowledge about it. This is what qualifies it as a dark age. Through providing strong evidence of the dark age in terms of scholarly and life during this period, the author manages to provide a detailed lens through which to look at Europe’s experience during this age by focusing on Greece. It depicts the experiences of the Dark Age to the people who lived in it, thus providing a good account of the Dark Age. Considering the author makes use of evidence from archeological data collected recently, it provides students with a source of information about how the Dark Age might have affected those who lived in it and reasons it is considered dark. It helps in answering the question on what made the Dark Age dark. References Herren M. (1981). Classical and Secular Learning among the Irish before the Carolingian Renaissance. Florilegium, 3: 118-157. Moelker, R. Kummel, G. (2007). Chivalry and Codes of Conduct: Can the Virtue of Chivalry Epitomize Guidelines for Interpersonal Conduct? Journal of Military Ethics, 6 (4): 292-302. Mommsen T.E. (1942). Petrarch’s Conception of the ‘Dark Ages. Speculum, 17 (2): 226 – 242. Snodgrass, A.M. (2000). The Dark Age of Greece: An Archaeological Survey of the Eleventh to the Eighth Centuries BC. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press,

Reflection about taking handover from the ambulance crew for the first Essay

Reflection about taking handover from the ambulance crew for the first time as a student nurse - Essay Example Reflections help nurses and other professionals meditate on their interactions with their colleagues, identifying any room for improvement hence, for better future performance while also at the same time enabling an individual assess the ways in which a situation can be handled much more effectively in the consequent days/ encounters (Koerner, 2011, 652). It is equally a chance to become more self-aware, self-directing and more in touch with their surroundings (Wilson, 2013, 997). The following is a clear and relatively easy to follow reflection about the first time I was placed in the accident and emergency unit for ambulance handovers. The events of the handover took place on the first day on which I was posted in the accident and emergency (A & E) unit. It was around 10 am when the emergency department got a phone call informing us of a flurry of patient arrivals. There had been a building collapse at a local construction site and since we were the closest medical facility in the vicinity, all of the victims would be rushed into our accident and emergency unit. After getting a rough estimate of the number of patients that were rescued from the site and coming in, the head of department divided the workforce in his department into various sub-units that would each deal with a particular patient and provide them with personalized care. Each unit then set up a chain of command and distinct roles assigned to each member. My primary function during the handover in my unit was to verify and complete the Patient Report Form (PRF) since we anticipated (rightly) that the patients would be rushed to the resuscitation room before the information from the ambulance team fully received. My mentor was the head of our unit. Before the arrival of the ambulance team, we were connected to video and radio feeds that gave vital updates and conditions of the patients, which I took down